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Assessing the Effectiveness of Targeted Herbivory in Willamette Valley (Oregon) Fire-Dependent Grasslands
Willamette Valley oak woodlands, savannas, and prairies persist on only a fraction of their original expanse. As a result of colonial land management practices, oak and prairie landscapes have largely been converted to other land uses. Possibly contributing to their degradation are the decline of grazing pressure from native ungulate species and strategic burning practices
Characterizing Oregon White Oak Natural Areas through Designing and Sustaining a Small-Scale and Long-Term Ecological Research Program with Undergraduate Students
Oak ecosystems support enormous biodiversity and yet are among the most endangered ecosystems in North America. These threatened natural areas lack the long-term study needed to understand their unique trajectories. This is particularly true in an ecosystem engineered by oaks that have lifespans of several hundred years. To address this, we developed a model for
Swinomish Generations Camas Project: A Food Sovereignty Initiative to Revitalize and Reintroduce an Important Traditional Food
Camassia or camas is one of the most essential cultural foods in Coast Salish territory. Historically, countless Native families traveled great distances and camped for several weeks to dig enough bulbs to last the upcoming year until the next harvesting season. Early non-Native settlers in northwestern Washington State witnessed Native-tended and maintained camas prairies as ripe
Restoring Camas Prairie Cultural Ecosystems: Models of Indigenous Co-Stewardship on the Northwest Coast
Restoration and management of cultural ecosystems often lack consideration of the values and knowledge of the Indigenous communities that stewarded these landscapes for millennia. Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Coast have a long history of cultivating and caring for camas prairies and oak woodlands to support a suite of plants used for food, medicine, and
Distribution and Habitat Associations of Slender-Billed White-Breasted Nuthatch in Washington
The loss and degradation of prairie-oak ecosystems in the southern Puget Lowland and northern Willamette Valley ecoregions of western Washington State have contributed to population declines of many avian species, including the slender-billed white-breasted nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis aculeata). The nuthatch, a cavity-nester and near-obligate of Garry oak (Quercus garryana) habitats, was once considered a common
Willamette Daisy is Pollen Limited Despite a Diverse but Variable Pollinator Fauna: Implications for the Conservation of an Endangered Plant
Global losses in biodiversity highlight the diverse and often dependent connections between species. The conservation of endangered plants must also consider management of associated plant and arthropod communities, including pollinators, that facilitate sexual reproduction. We conducted targeted pollination studies on Willamette daisy (Erigeron decumbens), a perennial endangered forb endemic to western Oregon. We tested for
Improving the Interpretability of the Floristic Quality Index to Assess Prairie Vegetation across Multiple Sites
Evaluating vegetation management outcomes is challenging because plant community datasets can be summarized in multiple ways, and the chosen metric strongly shapes conclusions. The Floristic Quality Index (FQI), which combines mean species conservatism values (mean Cnat) with measures of species richness or nativity, provides a useful framework for monitoring management outcomes. However, averaging C-values across
Larger-Sized Native Seeds Used for Restoration at High Risk of Rodent Predation in Recently Burned Glacial-Outwash Prairies
Low native plant establishment is a common restoration challenge for land managers across many ecosystems. Determining the factors contributing to low establishment rates can lead to more efficient use of limited seed resources. This study considers seed predation as a potential factor for low establishment rates. Using exclusion cages, we tested whether small mammals and
Ploidy-Mediated Reproductive Barriers and Hybridization between a Rare and a Common Castilleja Species (Orobanchaceae)
Hybridization between rare and common congeners poses a recurring challenge in ecological restoration, particularly where multiple conservation priorities overlap. In Pacific Northwest prairies, restoration efforts have brought the federally listed plant Castilleja levisecta into close proximity with C. hispida, a more common congener widely planted to support the endangered Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori). Concerns have emerged
Plant Community Responses to Soil Nutrient Manipulations in Remnant and Restored Prairies
Habitat destruction has greatly reduced the extent of prairies in the United States. Many remaining prairie fragments are poor quality and face threats including invasion by nonnative species and biodiversity loss, which soil nutrient enrichment can promote. Soil carbon addition offers a possible restoration tool to counter these threats by stimulating microbial activity and immobilizing